By the first century BC, the Roman Empire emerged as the dominant power in the Mediterranean Basin and became a leading cultural, political and religious centre, inaugurating the Pax Romana, a period of more than 200 years during which Italy's law, technology, economy, art, and literature developed. The Roman Republic initially conquered and assimilated its neighbours on the Italian peninsula, eventually expanding and conquering parts of Europe, North Africa and Asia. The Latins formed the Roman Kingdom in the 8th century BC, which eventually became a republic with a government of the Senate and the People. With over 60 million inhabitants, Italy is the third-most populous member state of the European Union.ĭue to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean, Italy has historically been home to myriad peoples and culture, such as the Italic peoples (who gave the peninsula its name), the Etruscans, the Celts and the Ligures, the Greeks, the Phoenicians, and the Carthaginians. Italy has a territorial exclave in Switzerland, Campione. A unitary parliamentary republic with Rome as its capital and largest city, the country covers a total area of 301,230 km 2 (116,310 sq mi) and shares land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino. Italy ( Italian: Italia ( listen)), officially the Italian Republic (Italian: Repubblica Italiana ), is a country located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, in Southern Europe it is also considered part of Western Europe. eu domain is also used, as it is shared with other European Union member states. To call Campione d'Italia, it is necessary to use the Swiss code +41.The euro is accepted in Campione d'Italia but its official currency is the Swiss franc. German is co-official in South Tyrol and Friuli Venezia Giulia French is co-official in the Aosta Valley Slovene is co-official in the province of Trieste, the province of Gorizia, and Friuli Venezia Giulia Ladin is co-official in South Tyrol, in Trentino and in other northern areas Friulian is co-official in Friuli Venezia Giulia Sardinian is co-official in Sardinia.
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